Civil engineering:Building Materials Basic

Stone It is always obtained from rock, which is solid portion of earth crust. It is small piece of rock. • Stone may be in the form of Stone block & Stone slab. e.g.- basalt, granite, marble, Kota etc. Various types of stone Characteristics of good building stone. A good building stone should have the following qualities:  Appearance: The Appearance of stone should be good whenever used for face work of a building. Stone should be hard enough so that due to atmospheric action it should not be change. Stone should able to receive good polish. Light coloured stone are generally preferred. Strength: Strength of stone should be high so that they can withstand against various loads on them and disintegrated actions of weather. Stone should be tested for their strength before they are used for loaded and heavy structure. Structure: A broken stone should have uniform and dense texture. It Should be free from cavities, cracks and patches. Durability: Durability

What Is Rock? Naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate having one or more minerals or mineraloid matter. e.g.- basalt, granite, kota and marble etc. Classification Of Rock Classification of rock divided in three categeories: 1. Geological classification 2. Physical classification 3. Chemical classification 1. Geological Classification (Mode Of Formation Of Rock) There are three types: A) Igneous rock B) Sedimentary rock C) Metamorphic rock A) Igneous Rock: At the time of volcanic eruption molten mass called magma, Forcely come up at the earth surface with high temperature after cooling this molten mass become solid, it is called igneous rock. e.g.- basalt, granite, and dolerite etc. • There are main 2 types of Igneous rock: i) Volcanic Rock: When magma deposit at the earth surface or below the earth surface, it known as volcanic rock. e.g.- basalt etc. ii) Plutonic Rock: When magma deposit at greater depth of 35m fro

Bricks Bricks may be defined as the uniformly burnt rectangular unit having high compressive strength. Standard size of brick Constituents Of Brick   (Formula-ASLOM) 1. Alumina: It provide plastic character to clay in wet condition. • Alumina content: 20% to 30% • Alumina excess: Brick will shrink more • Alumina less: Difficulties in moulding of brick 2. Silica: It present in the free form or combined from with clay. • Silica content: 50% to 60% • Silica excess: Make brick brittle • It prevent shrinkage, cracking, warping of brick 3. Lime: It is present in finally powdered form. • Lime content: 5% • It provide strength, durability to brick 4. Oxide Of Iron: A small quantity of iron help to fuse silica at comparatively lower temperature. • Iron content: 5% to 6% • It increase the durability and impermeability of brick 5. Magnesia: Magnesia present in clay with oxide of iron make the brick yellow. • It present in small quantity: Decrease the shrinkage • E